![]() ![]() High impedance occurs with lead fractures or displacements.For our sake this is the same thing as resistance.Calculated by the voltage that is programed and the impedance of the pacing system.Current – the flow of electrons through a completed circuit.Voltage – potential difference between two electrodes.Important to know what type of lead is implanted because it can be helpful for diagnosing a problem and determining solutions.Travels to the ring electrode (anode) which is a few inches from the lead tip.Stimulates the heart at the electrode tip.Impulse flows through the electrode tip (cathode).Returns through cardiac or body tissue to the IPG.Impulse flows through the electrode tip.Can alter whether one is used (unipolar) or both are (bipolar).Electrodes are implanted on fixation ends.Delivers electrical impulses from the pulse generator to the heart.These connect the pacemaker to the heart muscle itself.Brain of the pacemaker that controls what the pacemaker does in response to sensing.This detects any naturally occurring electrical activity and brings this information to the microprocessor.These components are housed within the IPG.To do this there needs to be a battery, sensing circuit, and microprocessor. ![]() Delivers an electrical charge down the lead to the heart which triggers a heartbeat.Equivalent to VOO for single system pacemakers.This is the default setting for dual chamber pacemakers and the setting when a magnet is applied.There can be a combination of atrial sensing or pacing or ventricular sensing or pacing. ![]() Here both atria and ventricles are paced and sensed.This is the default setting for all single chamber pacemakers.Also called asynchronous pacing where the pacemaker will continuously depolarize at a set pre-programed rate regardless of intrinsic activity.Here the ventricle is paced with no sensing and thus no response to sensing.If there is no sensed depolorization, the pacemaker sends an impulse down the lead to the RV causing ventricular contraction.When ventricular depolorization is sensed, the pacemaker is inhibited from discharging.Single lead system where the ventricle is both paced and sensed.These pacemakers are primarily used for sinus node disease and sinus bradycardia.If there is no intrinsic depolorization detected, this pacemaker will send an electrical discharge and cause atrial contraction.Response is to inhibit the pacemaker from firing.Single lead system where the atria is both paced and sensed.None – does not trigger or inhibit regardless of native activity.Dual – dual inhibition of both atria and ventricular pacing in response to intrinsic ventricular depolarization.Inhibited – occurs when an intrinsic depolarization is sensed which results in inhibition of the pacemaker.Triggered – occurs when there is no sense beat so the pacemaker will trigger an impulse (not used in current PPMs).Third letter: Sensing response – that is, what the pacemaker does in response to a sense beat.First 3 letters are most relevant to us – we are only going to focus on those.These 5 letters tells us what the different pacemaker settings are and what the pacemaker can do.Pacemaker code is broken down into 5 letters. ![]()
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